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A dispersed settlement is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world. Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area.〔Richard Muir, ''The NEW Reading the Landscape'', University of Exeter Press〕 A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village. The French term "bocage" is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common. ==England== In England, dispersed settlements are often found in the areas of ancient enclosure outside the central region—for example, Essex, Kent and the West Country.〔Roberts & Rathmell, ''An Atlas of Rural Settlement in England'', English Heritage〕 An example of a dispersed settlement given by W G Hoskins is Middle Barton in Steeple Barton, Oxfordshire.〔''The Making of the English Landscape''. However, he uses the term "fragmented village".〕 In some parts of England, the pattern of dispersed settlement has remained unchanged for many hundreds of years. Many of the locations found in Domesday may be dispersed farmsteads.〔 (Keith Challis, Settlement Morphology and Medieval Planning )〕 It is sometimes possible to identify documentary references to farmsteads in the 18th or 19th centuries with these Domesday entries.〔W G Hoskins, ''Fieldwork in Local History''〕 In areas of Kent and Essex close to London, development of residential housing during the 20th century has often disguised the dispersed nature of the original settlement. The farmsteads which make up the dispersed settlement are often surrounded by small irregularly shaped fields. Traditionally, trees are encouraged to grow at the edges of these fields and in thin strips alongside roads. However, during the 20th century, much of this woodland disappeared, either as a result of disease or modern farming practice. Arthur Young's description of the view from Langdon Hills, "dark lanes intersected with numberless hedges and woods,"〔Arthur Young, ''A Six Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties of England and Wales''〕 is a typical description of the landscape in an area of dispersed settlements. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dispersed settlement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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